Advanced Journal of Chemistry, Section A
5.9(Q2)
CiteScore
31
h-index

Optimization of Antioxidant Extraction from Moringa oleifera Leaves Using an Integrated OFAT and RSM–CCD Approach

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Yefrida Yefrida 1
Deswati Deswati 1
Refilda Refilda 1
Hasifa Hayana 1
Nurjannah El Firsti 1
Adewirli Putra 2

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia

2 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Syedza Saintika University, Padang, Indonesia

10.48309/ajca.2026.566928.2007
Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaves are a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid antioxidants; yet, optimisation of conventional water-based extraction is rarely modeled comprehensively. This study integrates one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) screening with response surface methodology–central composite design (RSM-CCD) to determine optimal conditions for maximizing antioxidant yield, quantified using the DPPH assay (mg AAE/g FW). The quadratic model was highly significant (F = 41.88; p < 0.0001) with strong predictive accuracy (R² = 0.9742; adj-R² = 0.9509). The sample-to-solvent ratio was the most influential variable (F = 287.85; p < 0.0001), followed by temperature (F = 58.76; p < 0.0001), whereas extraction time showed no significant effect. Significant quadratic terms (A², B²) and the AC interaction revealed curvature-driven extraction behavior. Optimal conditions 80 °C, 10 min, and 1:25 g/mL, yielded 9.49 mg AAE/g FW. This integrated OFAT–RSM approach provides novel mechanistic insight and a validated, scalable framework for efficient antioxidant extraction.

Graphical Abstract

Optimization of Antioxidant Extraction from Moringa oleifera Leaves Using an Integrated OFAT and RSM–CCD Approach

Keywords

Moringa oleifera
Antioxidant extraction
Optimization
RSM-CCD
DPPH

Subjects

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Advanced Journal of Chemistry, Section A

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 14 February 2026

  • Receive Date 17 December 2025
  • Revise Date 20 January 2026
  • Accept Date 07 February 2026

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