Advanced Journal of Chemistry, Section A
5.9(Q2)
CiteScore
31
h-index

Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Potential of Rhizophora stylosa Leaf Extract through Enzyme Inhibition and In Vivo Metabolic Modulation

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Dwi Bagus Pambudi 1, 2
Muhtadi Muhtadi 1
Maryati Maryati 1

1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia

2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Pekajangan, Pekalongan, Indonesia

10.48309/ajca.2026.571765.2031
Abstract
Rhizophora stylosa, a mangrove plant, holds ethnopharmacological promise, but its comprehensive antidiabetic mechanism remains underexplored. This study employed an integrated experimental approach to comprehensively assess the antidiabetic potential of Rhizophora stylosa leaf extract (RSLE), investigating its effects on key enzymes, intestinal glucose handling, and systemic glucose metabolism. Twenty-eight healthy male rats (n=4 per group) were allocated into seven groups: normal control (CN, vehicle), positive control (PC, acarbose 4.5 mg/kg BW), and five treatment groups (T1-T5) receiving RSLE at 5, 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW, respectively. Assessments included in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays, an ex vivo everted intestinal sac model for glucose absorption, in vivo oral and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (OGTT/IPGTT), plasma insulin measurement via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and histochemical analysis of hepatic and muscle glycogen using PAS staining. RSLE demonstrated in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 190.08 µg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 = 76.65 µg/mL). Ex vivo, RSLE (200 mg/kg) potently inhibited intestinal glucose absorption. In vivo, RSLE at 50 mg/kg effectively moderated postprandial glucose levels in an OGTT, while the 200 mg/kg dose significantly enhanced glucose clearance in an IPGTT. Insulin profiling revealed RSLE modulated secretion, eliciting an acute increase followed by a rapid decline correlating with glucose normalization. Furthermore, RSLE treatment significantly reduced hepatic glycogen storage but did not significantly affect muscle glycogen levels. RSLE exerts antidiabetic effects via an in vitro and in vivo approach, reducing intestinal glucose uptake, enhancing peripheral glucose disposal, and modulating insulin secretion. These findings substantiate its traditional use and highlight its potential as a source of antidiabetic agents.

Graphical Abstract

Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Potential of Rhizophora stylosa Leaf Extract through Enzyme Inhibition and In Vivo Metabolic Modulation

Keywords

Rhizophora stylosa
Antidiabetic
&alpha
-glucosidase inhibition
Glucose tolerance
Glycogen
Insulin secretion

Subjects

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Advanced Journal of Chemistry, Section A

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 23 February 2026

  • Receive Date 20 January 2026
  • Revise Date 06 February 2026
  • Accept Date 16 February 2026

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